Which method is used to power devices that consume small amounts of electrical energy over network cable?

Power over Ethernet (PoE) is a technology that allows electrical power and data to be transmitted simultaneously over a standard Ethernet cable. This method is particularly beneficial for powering devices that have low energy requirements, such as IP cameras, VoIP phones, and wireless access points, eliminating the need for a separate power supply and reducing clutter.

PoE operates by sending power alongside data on the same wires, which enhances the flexibility of network installations. Devices can be located in places where it may be difficult to run traditional electrical lines, such as ceilings or outdoor environments. This technology adheres to standards like IEEE 802.3af and IEEE 802.3at, which specify the amount of power that can be delivered and ensure compatibility across different devices that support PoE.

While other methods like Powerline Communication focus on using existing electrical wiring for data transmission, they do not specifically address powering devices over network cables. Additionally, methods such as Direct Current Transmission and Network Voltage Supply do not align with the common practices and standards used for networked devices where Ethernet cables are involved.